{"id":11653,"date":"2024-01-15T21:25:31","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T20:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iautomato.sk\/jak-vybrat-ojete-auto-s-pohonem-4x4\/"},"modified":"2024-01-15T21:30:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T20:30:50","slug":"11653-autosave-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iautomato.sk\/sk\/jak-vybrat-ojete-auto-s-pohonem-4x4\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako vybra\u0165 ojazden\u00e9 auto s pohonom 4\u00d74"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Ako<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fapa ojazden\u00e9ho automobilu s pohonom 4\u00d74 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 komplikovan\u00e1, ale aj ve\u013emi odme\u0148uj\u00faca. Pohon 4\u00d74, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e ako pohon v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies, pon\u00faka lep\u0161iu trakciu v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach, ako je sneh, \u013ead alebo nezjazdn\u00fd ter\u00e9n. Av\u0161ak, vyberanie spr\u00e1vneho vozidla a zna\u010dky pohonu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdzvou. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty, ktor\u00e9 by ste mali zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 pri n\u00e1kupe ojazden\u00fdch \u00e1ut s pohonom 4\u00d74, vr\u00e1tane v\u00fdhod a nev\u00fdhod tohto typu pohonu a \u0161pecif\u00edk jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov, ako je Audi quattro alebo BMW xDrive. Ako vybra\u0165 auto s pohonom 4\u00d74?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako vybra\u0165 auto s pohonom 4\u00d74?<\/strong> \u00davod do pohonu \u0161tyroch kolies.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pohon 4\u00d74 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161etky \u0161tyri koles\u00e1 dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa kr\u00fatiaci moment od motora, \u010do zvy\u0161uje trakciu a stabilitu vozidla na klzkom alebo nezjazdnom povrchu. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy syst\u00e9mov 4\u00d74, od trval\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 neust\u00e1le rozde\u013euj\u00fa kr\u00fatiaci moment medzi koles\u00e1, a\u017e po tie, ktor\u00e9 sa aktivuj\u00fa manu\u00e1lne alebo automaticky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fyzick\u00e1<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

AWD \u2013 St\u00e1ly pohon 4\u00d74<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Syst\u00e9m \u0161tvorkolesov\u00e9ho pohonu, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e ako AWD, neust\u00e1le pren\u00e1\u0161a energiu motora na v\u0161etky \u0161tyri koles\u00e1. Tento prenos je uskuto\u010d\u0148ovan\u00fd cez hriade\u013e a sadu troch diferenci\u00e1lov, umiestnen\u00fdch medzi a na oboch osiach vozidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento typ pohonu z\u00edskal popularitu v\u010faka modelom ako s\u00fa Audi Quattro, Subaru a p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 verzia Land Rover Defender. Je \u0161iroko vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v mnoh\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch SUV, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch od Mercedesu, Range Roveru, a Toyota Land Cruiser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diferenci\u00e1ly umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa rovnomern\u00e9 rozdelenie sily medzi obe osi o 50:50 pomere. Av\u0161ak, v pr\u00edpade preklzu jedn\u00e9ho kolesa m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k strate kr\u00fatiaceho momentu na ostatn\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vozidlo uv\u00e4zni\u0165. Rie\u0161en\u00edm je pridanie uz\u00e1vierky diferenci\u00e1lu medzi n\u00e1pravami, ktor\u00e9 tento probl\u00e9m vyrie\u0161ia. Uz\u00e1vierka m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aktivovan\u00e1 manu\u00e1lne alebo elektronicky. \u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je pou\u017eitie medzin\u00e1pravov\u00e9ho diferenci\u00e1lu s pridanou spojkou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 visk\u00f3zna alebo elektronicky riaden\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najmodernej\u0161ie vozidl\u00e1 u\u017e nemusia ma\u0165 uz\u00e1vierku ani medzin\u00e1pravov\u00fa spojku. Namiesto toho, elektronick\u00fd syst\u00e9m detekuje preklz kolies a pribrzd\u00ed ich, \u010d\u00edm zabra\u0148uje strate kr\u00fatiaceho momentu na ostatn\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch. Tento pokro\u010dil\u00fd syst\u00e9m je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 napr\u00edklad v nov\u00fdch modeloch Mercedesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ako<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4WD \u2013 Sp\u00ednan\u00fd\/pripojite\u013en\u00fd pohon v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa syst\u00e9m, kde je prim\u00e1rne akt\u00edvna iba jedna os, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00e1 os je zap\u00e1jan\u00e1 pod\u013ea potreby. Toto sa obvykle realizuje pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnej spojky, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje prenos sily na sekund\u00e1rnu os. Jeden z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov tohto syst\u00e9mu je technol\u00f3gia Haldex. P\u00f4vodn\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia tejto technol\u00f3gie bola pomerne hrub\u00e1 vo svojej funkcii, s n\u00e1padn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahom pri zapojen\u00ed zadnej osi. Postupom \u010dasu do\u0161lo k v\u00fdvoju, kde modern\u00e1 elektronika neust\u00e1le monitoruje ot\u00e1\u010dky kolies a efekt\u00edvne reaguje na stratu pri\u013enavosti, prisp\u00f4sobuje sa situ\u00e1cii e\u0161te pred vznikom probl\u00e9mu. Rozdelenie sily medzi osami sa tak men\u00ed ve\u013emi jemne a dynamicky, napr\u00edklad pri rozjazde s\u00fa preferovan\u00e9 zadn\u00e9 koles\u00e1 kv\u00f4li lep\u0161ej trakcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ako<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Auto s pohonom 4\u00d74<\/strong> s visk\u00f3znou spojkou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tento text popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00fd typ pohonu v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies pre automobily, ktor\u00fd je ide\u00e1lny pre menej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch vodi\u010dov a be\u017en\u00e9 jazdn\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie, ako je napr\u00edklad st\u00fapanie do kopca. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom je tu syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd \u0161tandardne poh\u00e1\u0148a iba jednu n\u00e1pravu vozidla. Pri strate trakcie doch\u00e1dza k zmene viskozity oleja v syst\u00e9me, \u010do aktivuje spojku a zapoj\u00ed tak druh\u00fa n\u00e1pravu. Tento proces prebieha automaticky a nevy\u017eaduje \u017eiadnu elektroniku, \u010do zais\u0165uje jednoduchos\u0165 a vysok\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu. Av\u0161ak tento syst\u00e9m nie je manu\u00e1lne nastavite\u013en\u00fd a nie je ovl\u00e1date\u013en\u00fd, \u010do viedlo k jeho postupn\u00e9mu up\u00fa\u0161\u0165aniu u niektor\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov automobilov. Napriek tomu sa tento typ pohonu st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edva u niektor\u00fdch zna\u010diek, ako je Suzuki alebo Fiat Panda. Historicky bol tento syst\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd aj v niektor\u00fdch modeloch od Volkswagen a Porsche. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody patr\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161ia efektivita, sklon k prehrievaniu spojky pri vy\u0161\u0161ej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei a neoptim\u00e1lne chovanie vozidla v z\u00e1krut\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kontrola<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elektrick\u00fd pohon v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nech m\u00e1te kompletn\u00fd n\u00e1vod na to, ako vybra\u0165 ojazden\u00e9 auto s pohonom 4\u00d74, je potrebn\u00e9 zapo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 aj elektrick\u00fd pohon. V s\u00fa\u010dasnom automobilovom priemysle, kde hybridn\u00e9 a plug-in hybridn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa rast\u00facu popularitu, sa objavuje trend integr\u00e1cie elektrick\u00fdch motorov na pohon jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1prav vozidiel. Tento pr\u00edstup je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vidite\u013en\u00fd pri niektor\u00fdch modeloch SUV od v\u00fdrobcov ako Toyota a Lexus, rovnako ako pri nov\u0161\u00edch plug-in hybridn\u00fdch modeloch od skup\u00edn ako PSA a Volvo. V z\u00e1kladnom princ\u00edpe to funguje tak, \u017ee spa\u013eovac\u00ed motor zais\u0165uje pohon predn\u00fdch kolies, zatia\u013e \u010do zadn\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 v\u00fdhradne elektromotorom. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee medzi n\u00e1pravami neexistuje mechanick\u00e9 spojenie, ale pohon je koordinovan\u00fd elektronick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami. Vozidlo tak aktivuje zadn\u00fa n\u00e1pravu iba ke\u010f je to potrebn\u00e9, na z\u00e1klade rozhodnutia elektroniky, alebo pokia\u013e je zvolen\u00fd \u0161pecifick\u00fd jazdn\u00fd re\u017eim. V\u010faka absencii kardanov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a kombin\u00e1cii efektivity s lep\u0161ou trakciou sa jedn\u00e1 o ve\u013emi efekt\u00edvny syst\u00e9m. Pre spr\u00e1vny chod syst\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby boli bat\u00e9rie dostato\u010dne nabit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ako<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ako na kontrolu ojazden\u00e9ho auta s 4\u00d74 pred k\u00fapou?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Fyzick\u00e1<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kontrola ojazden\u00e9ho vozidla s pohonom v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies (4\u00d74) vy\u017eaduje \u0161pecifick\u00fa pozornos\u0165 a odborn\u00e9 znalosti, \u010do rob\u00ed jej prevedenie sk\u00fasen\u00fdm technikom nevyhnutnou. Tento typ pohonu je technicky zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed ako \u0161tandardn\u00fd dvojkolesov\u00fd pohon, a preto m\u00f4\u017ee skr\u00fdva\u0165 r\u00f4zne potenci\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zrejm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Komplexnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu 4\u00d74:<\/strong> Pohon v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies zah\u0155\u0148a zlo\u017eit\u00e9 komponenty ako s\u00fa prevodovka, rozvodovka, diferenci\u00e1ly a \u010fal\u0161ie \u010dasti pohonn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Tieto komponenty m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na opotrebovanie a po\u0161kodenie, najm\u00e4 ak bolo vozidlo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach, ako je ter\u00e9nna jazda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Skryt\u00e9 probl\u00e9my:<\/strong> Bez odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a vhodnej diagnostickej techniky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 niektor\u00e9 probl\u00e9my prehliadnut\u00e9. To m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 opotrebenie, po\u0161kodenie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 vodou alebo blatom, a probl\u00e9my s elektronick\u00fdm ovl\u00e1dan\u00edm pohonu 4\u00d74.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165:<\/strong> Nekvalitn\u00fd alebo nefunk\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pohonu v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdznamne ovplyvni\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a jazdn\u00e9 vlastnosti vozidla. Neodhalen\u00e9 probl\u00e9my m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dokonca nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pre vodi\u010dov a ostatn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov prev\u00e1dzky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Hodnota vozidla:<\/strong> Diagnostika vykonan\u00e1 sk\u00fasen\u00fdm technikom m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e poskytn\u00fa\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o celkovom stave vozidla a jeho hodnote. To je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pri vyjedn\u00e1van\u00ed o cene pri k\u00fape ojazden\u00e9ho vozidla s pohonom 4\u00d74.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Dlhodob\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba:<\/strong> Profesion\u00e1lna kontrola pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017ebov\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy a predch\u00e1dza\u0165 tak mo\u017en\u00fdm bud\u00facim probl\u00e9mom a drah\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Vzh\u013eadom na tieto aspekty je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby si potenci\u00e1lni kupci ojazden\u00e9ho vozidla s pohonom v\u0161etk\u00fdch kolies nechali vykona\u0165 d\u00f4kladn\u00fa kontrolu vozidla u sk\u00fasen\u00e9ho technika<\/mark><\/a><\/strong>, Ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 potrebn\u00e9 znalosti a vybavenie na pos\u00fadenie technick\u00e9ho stavu a funk\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu 4\u00d74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sledujte n\u00e1s prostredn\u00edctvom na\u0161ich\u00a0soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed,<\/a>\u00a0nech v\u00e1m neunikne \u017eiadna novinka.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Koup\u011b ojet\u00e9ho automobilu s pohonem 4×4 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt komplikovan\u00e1, ale i velmi odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed. Pohon 4×4, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako pohon v\u0161ech kol, nab\u00edz\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed trakci v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, jako je sn\u00edh, led nebo nesj\u00edzdn\u00fd ter\u00e9n. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho vozu a zna\u010dky pohonu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdzvou. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11654,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_limit_responses":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rady-a-tipy","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-big","owp-tabs-layout-section","has-no-thumbnails"],"yoast_head":"\nJak vybrat ojet\u00e9 auto s pohonem 4x4 - Automato Slovensko<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iautomato.sk\/sk\/11653-autosave-v1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak vybrat ojet\u00e9 auto s pohonem 4x4 - Automato Slovensko\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Koup\u011b ojet\u00e9ho automobilu s pohonem 4×4 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt komplikovan\u00e1, ale i velmi odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed. Pohon 4×4, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako pohon v\u0161ech kol, nab\u00edz\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed trakci v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, jako je sn\u00edh, led nebo nesj\u00edzdn\u00fd ter\u00e9n. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho vozu a zna\u010dky pohonu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdzvou. 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